Introduction
Every year, billions of disposable menstrual products are thrown away, creating tons of waste and harming the planet. But with so many reusable options available—like period pants, menstrual cups, and reusable pads—it’s worth asking: which one is the most sustainable? Let’s break it down in simple terms.
The Problem with Disposable Products
In the U.S. alone, 20 billion disposable period products are discarded annually, contributing to 240,000 tonnes of solid waste. Globally, disposable pads are the most commonly used menstrual product, but they’re also a major environmental issue. Most pads are up to 90% plastic, and they can take 500 to 800 years to decompose. Worse, many end up in oceans as microplastics or clogging sewers.
The Search for Sustainable Alternatives
A recent study compared the environmental impact of different menstrual products, including disposable pads and tampons, reusable pads, period pants, and menstrual cups. The researchers looked at factors like global warming potential, water use, and resource depletion. Here’s what they found:
- Menstrual Cups: The clear winner! Small, lightweight, and lasting up to 10 years, menstrual cups have the lowest environmental impact. They’re made from silicone or rubber and only need to be used for about a month to offset their carbon footprint.
- Period Pants: A close second. These reusable underwear are convenient and reduce waste, especially since you’d be washing regular underwear anyway.
- Reusable Pads: A good option, but they require more water and energy for washing compared to period pants.
- Disposable Pads and Tampons: The least eco-friendly. Even organic options have a high environmental cost due to the resources needed for production.
Surprising Findings About Organic Products
You might think organic cotton pads and tampons are better for the planet, but the study found the opposite. Organic farming requires more water and land, making these products less sustainable than their non-organic counterparts. Plus, they still end up in landfills.
The Importance of Proper Use and Care
While menstrual cups are the most sustainable, they’re not without challenges. Incorrect use can lead to infections or discomfort, and they require proper cleaning and sterilization. Period pants and reusable pads also need careful washing to minimize their environmental impact—think cold water and full loads.
Beyond the Environment: Social and Cultural Factors
Sustainability isn’t the only consideration. In some parts of the world, access to menstrual products is a major issue. Reusable options like menstrual cups can be life-changing for girls who might otherwise miss school during their periods. However, education on how to use these products safely is crucial.
Health and Safety Concerns
Recent reports have highlighted potential risks with menstrual cups, such as infections or pelvic organ prolapse if not used correctly. Experts recommend having two cups, sterilizing them regularly, and replacing them if they show signs of wear. For teens, proper guidance is essential before switching to cups.
What About Chemicals in Period Products?
Many period products contain harmful chemicals, like metals in tampons or antimicrobial agents in period pants. Unfortunately, manufacturers aren’t always transparent about what’s in their products. Some progress is being made—like new EU regulations and a U.S. ban on “forever chemicals” in menstrual products—but there’s still a long way to go.
Making the Switch: My Personal Experience
A few years ago, I switched to period pants, and they’ve been a game-changer. They’re comfortable, cost-effective, and eco-friendly. I’m also considering trying period swimwear next. On days when reusable options aren’t practical, I opt for compostable, plastic-free pads. It’s all about finding what works for you.
The Bottom Line
There’s no one-size-fits-all answer when it comes to sustainable period products. Menstrual cups are the most eco-friendly, but period pants and reusable pads are great alternatives. If you’re not ready to go fully reusable, combining different products can still make a big difference.
As the study’s co-author Paula Pérez-López says, “Choose a reusable product when you can, but if you’re uncomfortable or can’t rely on one for a particular reason, combine several products. You will still be making a difference.”
What’s Your Choice?
Have you tried reusable period products? What’s been your experience? Share your thoughts in the comments below—we’d love to hear from you!
Let’s work together to make periods more sustainable, one product at a time. 🌍💚
